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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 25: Bernard Madoff (2008)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 159 Case 25: Bernard Madoff (2008) In December 2008, as the global financial crisis continued on its… …stunning fraud that appears to be of epic proportions”, and the Economist called it “the con of the century”. Needless to say, the unprecedented scope of… …the fraud was far beyond the reach of all of the other recent scandals of the financial system. Bernard Madoff started his financial career at… …appeared to believe in loyalty and Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 160 honesty,” said one former Madoff employee in retrospect. “Never in your… …profits generated by share trading. Eventually, Madoff admitted in this conversation that he estimated the losses from the fraud were at least USD 50… …, and charged with securities fraud. When federal agents arrived at Madoffs’ apartment, he told them: “There is no innocent explanation. I have paid… …simplicity, one of the most puzzling issues of the Madoff fraud was that the majority of the victims had an expert knowledge of financial investment: they… …Wall Street, there had been scepticism for years over how Madoff managed to pay such consistently high Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 161… …returns. The SEC admitted that it had missed “repeated opportunities” to discover the fraud. It had received “credible and specific allegations regarding… …than each final investor. Thus, he was able to avoid the SEC disclosure rules. But when the SEC changed regula- Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies…

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  Case 26: Juergen Schneider (Germany, 1994)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …165 2.2 Accounting Fraud in European Companies Case 26: Juergen Schneider (Germany, 1994) Up to the year 1994, a number of scandals… …over mismanagement and fraud emerged in Germany, but the “Schneider case” was by far the biggest. The case is linked to an exceptional bank scandal. In… …for several years before collapsing and casting Schneider under the suspicion of credit fraud, fraudulent invocation of bankruptcy and tax evasion. He… …verified something as basic as the size of the property it was lending on. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 166 Schneider also appeared… …explic- itly whether there were any supplementary contracts. Deutsche Bank claimed that it was the victim of systematic fraud. Hilmar Kopper, at the… …contractors and craftsmen, causing repeated embarrassment. Bank credi- Accounting Fraud in European Companies 167 tors demanded detailed information… …properties and paying off contractors. Instead he chose to run away. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 168 The reason for all the public… ….: Great Financial Disasters of our Time, 2nd edition, Berlin 2006, p. 27 Schneider fraud inquiry launched, The Independent, April 15, 1994 Kohl Assails… …Banks in Schneider Fiasco, International Herald Tribune, April 21, 1994 Deutsche Bank “victim of fraud”, The Independent, April 26, 1994 When the Music… …Independent, July 6, 1994 German Fraud Case May Raise Conflict, The New York Times, May 25, 1995 International Business: Germans Are Gripped by the Return of…

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  Case 14: Dynegy (2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 102 Case 14: Dynegy (2002) At the beginning of the new millennium, Houston-based Dynegy Inc. was a high-… …flying business rival of the Enron Corporation. Of course, the accounting fraud at Dynegy never reached the scale of notoriety of that at neighbouring… …positions generate no current cash flow (this treatment was required under US-GAAP). Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 103 In order to… …of the fraud caused Dynegy’s stock to plunge. Alpha’s impact on Dynegy’s financial statements was especially significant, because the statement of… …Dynegy’s lack of cooperation in the early stages of the investigation. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 104 In August 2003, two of the three tax… …the most severe sentences for accounting fraud in recent memory. “I take no pleasure in sentencing you to 292 months, but my job is to follow the… …Alpha alone. Olis argued he didn’t personally benefit from the fraud scheme and had acted with the knowledge and approval of Dynegy’s financial… …case. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 105 References: Securities and Exchange Commission: SEC v. Dynegy Inc., Litigation… …Dynegy Face Charges of Fraud, The New York Times, June 13, 2003 Jury convicts former Dynegy exec of fraud, The Houston Business Journal, November 14, 2003… …Dynegy executive jailed for 24 years after $300m fraud, The Guardian, March 26, 2004 Dynegy Agrees to Settlement of Suit by its Shareholders, The New York…

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  Case 8: Sunbeam (1998)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 61 Case 8: Sunbeam (1998) Sunbeam Corp., the Boca Raton, Florida-based maker of such well-known brands… …relied on question- able accounting gimmicks and outright fraud to enhance earnings. It happened under the direction of now disgraced CEO Albert J… …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 62 million. “We are winning in every aspect of our business,” Dunlap told analysts in the conference call announcing… …the suppliers had no room for them; they would not be delivered and paid for Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 63 until spring. A similar… …be). SEC enforcement officer Thomas C. Newkirk noted that the fraud was engineered to dress up Sunbeam, in order to make the company look much more… …attractive than it actually was to potential buyers: “This Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 64 was a primer in the techniques of financial fraud, in… …from accounting fraud. Dunlap was ordered to pay a USD 500,000 fine and had to accept a lifetime ban from ever serving again as an officer or… …bestseller. Unknown to Sunbeam investors and to the Sunbeam board was that Dunlap had faced similar allegations of accounting fraud at a much smaller… …thereby concealed, when results improved later. Edwards also claimed that the accounting fraud had masked serious operating problems at Nitec. In 1982… …, Nitec filed for bankruptcy. The fraud accusations (which Dunlap denied) were never proved, as all his orders to alter the books had been oral. Dunlap…

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  Annäherung an das Thema und Forschungsgegenstand

  Dr. Corinna Boecker

  …1 1 Annäherung an das Thema und Forschungs- gegenstand 1.1 Relevanz von Accounting Fraud Accounting Fraud – i.S.e. Verstoßes gegen… …ein mahnendes Beispiel für die Auswirkungen fehlerhafter Prüfung bleiben. Die Gefahr von Accoun- ting Fraud ist jedoch nicht nur bei großen Konzernen… …A./Klinger, Oskar (Internes Kontrollsystem 2000), S. 1; Albrecht, W. Steve/Searcy, David I. (Increasing Fraud 2001), S. 58 ff. 5 Vgl. Klinger, Michael… …, Zabihollah (Financial Statement Fraud 2002), S. 69; Welp, Cornelius/Leendertse, Julia (Konflikt 2007), S. 112 ff.; Nölting, Andreas/Wilhelm, Winfried… …(Fehlleistungen 1994), S. 34 ff.; Gross, Gerhard (Regelungen 2005), S. 90 ff.; zu den bedeutenden Auswirkungen von Top- Management Fraud siehe auch Zahra, Shaker… …A./Priem, Richard L./Rasheed, Abdul A. (Top-Management Fraud 2005), S. 818. 8 Vgl. Ernst & Young (Wirtschaftskriminalität 2003), S. 4 und S. 13. 9 Vgl… …offensichtlich an- ders dar15. Das Themengebiet Accounting Fraud kann von zwei Seiten betrachtet wer- den. Während sich einerseits die Unternehmen zwar der… …Bedeutung des Zufalls auch Wehling, Jörg/Weiß, Christian (Abwehr 2005), S. 104. 14 Vgl. ähnlich auch Comer, Michael J. (Corporate Fraud 1998), S. 5 ff… …Verschär- fung der Vorschriften für kapitalmarktorientierte Unternehmen, um damit Ac- counting Fraud möglichst zu verhindern, zumindest jedoch die Quote… …seiner Verant- ___________________ 16 Während die Aufdeckung als der schwierigere Teil im Rahmen der Bewältigung von Accounting Fraud gilt, nimmt die…

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  Case 4: MiniScribe (1989)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 42 Case 4: MiniScribe (1989) The downfall of MiniScribe Corp., resulting from a major accounting fraud… …inventory and sales figures (see WSJ September 11, 1989): Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 43 – Although many companies accelerate shipments… …auditors had test-counted. Thus, they were able to inflate the number of items that the auditors had not sampled. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies… …. MiniScribe’s auditor, Coopers & Lybrand (now part of PricewaterhouseCoopers), was also sued by investors for its part in the fraud. The suits charged that the… …1992 settlement, it agreed to pay a total of USD 140 million for failing to detect the accounting fraud committed by MiniScribe. In July 1994, the… …amazing to see how close they could get to the num- Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 45 ber they wanted to hit.” A former MiniScribe manager… …the late 1980s. References: Albrecht, W. Steve / Albrecht, Chad: Fraud Examination & Prevention… …, pp. 5, 239, 246, 260 Schilit, Howard: Financial Shenanigans – How to detect accounting gimmicks and fraud in financial reports, 2nd… …, The Wall Street Journal, September 11, 1989 Fraud is Cited at MiniScribe, The New York Times, September 13, 1989 Large Award in MiniScribe Fraud Suit… …Trial for Fraud, Los Angeles Times, July 12, 1994 Wiles Convicted of Fraud in MiniScribe Case, Los Angeles Times, August 9, 1994…

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  Case 44: Satyam Computer Services (India, 2009)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 250 Case 44: Satyam Computer Services (India, 2009) Before he fell from grace, Ramalinga Raju was hailed… …based). But in January 2009, Raju had to ad- mit to the largest corporate fraud in Indian history. In a letter to Satyam’s board of directors, he… …scan- dal was quickly labelled as “India’s Enron”. “This is the saddest say for investors,” said one market analyst. “The fraud has badly shaken their… …Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 251 stand by the company in the hour of crisis. “I am now prepared to subject myself to the laws of the land and… …face consequences thereof.” News of the fraud sent jitters through the Indian stock market. Shares in Satyam fell more than 70%, and the “Sensex”… …capital of Bombay expressed bafflement at how the fraud was not exposed earlier. Whereas Enron and other accounting frauds relied on dizzying arrays of… …off-balance-sheet partnerships and complicated circular trades with willing outside institutions to deceive investors, the Satyam fraud seemed to be absurdly simple… …earnings. Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 252 However, there is usually little documentation associated with the number, so it is easy to… …letter to say that Sat- yam’s directors and senior executives had no knowledge of the fraud. But if there is a final lesson to be learned of accounting… …. In April 2009, a 77-page report filed by the Central Bureau of Investigation (India’s top investigation agency) detailed the scope of the Satyam fraud…

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  Case 7: Waste Management (1997)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 55 Case 7: Waste Management (1997) The Waste Management case provides an anatomy of an accounting… …portrays an accounting fraud perpetrated by the highest-ranking officers at WMI. As the scheme unravelled in 1997, the news sent WMI’s stock value tumbling… …that the auditors played a central role in allowing the fraud to continue. Year after year, Arthur Andersen complained about the efforts to inflate… …earnings, but still approved the company’s financial statements when their objections were effectively ignored. Unlike the auditors in other fraud cases… …client too hard. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 56 For example, in its 1993 audit, Andersen quantified misstatements of USD 128 mil- lion… …Charge of Client Service” for Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 57 Andersen’s Chicago office and served as marketing director. In this position… …. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 58 “Our complaint describes one of the most egregious accounting frauds we have seen,” said Thomas C. Newkirk… …management to falsify the financial statements by plugging in the additional income needed to achieve the desired earnings for each Accounting Fraud in… …. The scheme was orchestrated and implemented by WMI’s most senior officers. The driving force behind the fraud was Dean L. Buntrock, WMI’s founder… …, Koenig, Hau and Rooney profited handsomely from the fraud, receiving performance-based bonuses based on the company’s inflated earnings, retaining their…

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  Case 19: Adelphia Communications (2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 126 Case 19: Adelphia Communications (2002) The Adelphia case ranks among the biggest corporate fraud… …, Adelphia filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 127 On July 24, 2002, federal prosecutors arrested… …. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 128 Adelphia deliberately shifted liabilities onto the books of unconsolidated Rigas en- tities. The company created a… …capable” a greater percentage of its cable plant that in fact had been upgraded. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 129 Third, Adelphia… …While most of the fraud took its form in hidden debt and misrepresentations con- cerning operational performance, the Adelphia case is especially notable… …: Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 130 – The Rigases created a special accounting system to mask their personal transactions, using the company’s… …disclosed to investors. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 131 The SEC investigation found that chairman John Rigas and his sons had… …sentenced to 20 years in prison. The sentence was among the harshest handed down in any U.S. court for accounting fraud. The Rigas’s cases were low-hanging… …715 million. The funds were to be used to compensate Adelphia security holders who lost money as a result of the fraud. Adelphia and the Rigases also… …resolved civil fraud charges as part of a joint settlement with the SEC. In July 2006, the company sold substantially all of its assets, including the…

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  Case 32: Comroad (Germany, 2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in European Companies 190 Case 32: Comroad (Germany, 2002) For audacity and scale, few cases of accounting fraud can match… …: Accounting Fraud in European Companies 191 (1) a lack of clarity about the existence of a Hong Kong company named “VT Elec- tronics Ltd.”, and (2) a… …, in the wake of that firm’s role in the Enron fraud in the United States. KPMG’s merger talks with Andersen broke down as the Comroad scandal… …was removed, and in November 2002, CEO Bodo Schnabel was ultimately jailed for seven years for criminal fraud and market manipulation. The Wall Street… …total revenues and backed them up with the name of a Accounting Fraud in European Companies 192 non-existing Asian customer. By 2000, roughly 97%… …. Still, the courts rejected most of the civil claims against Mr. Schnabel. KPMG said that it was victim of the fraud – and indeed, some observers… …thought that the “we were fooled, too” defense could be valid. “Comroad is not an account- ing issue. This is fraud,” said Hans-Georg Bruns, a member of… …series of accountings scandals in Germany that have badly damaged investors’ confidence in Accounting Fraud in European Companies 193 financial…

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