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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 23: Computer Associates International (2004)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 149 Case 23: Computer Associates International (2004) Computer Associates International, Inc. may not be… …began slowly (mainly because of the obstruction led by Computer Asso- ciates’ senior management), it steadily gained momentum in 2004. In January 2004… …participated in a scheme to inflate revenues and then lied to cover it up. He said senior management pressured him to lie, although he didn’t name names. In… …on a shenanigan called the “Extended Quarters Practice”. In September 2004, the SEC filed securities fraud charges against Computer Associates, Kumar… …, Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 150 when the company reported USD 557 million in revenues beyond the USD 1.047 billion it could properly claim. Thus… …unexpired portion of the old license. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 151 For contracts under its pre-2000 business model, Computer Associates… …. Thus, the USD 3.7 million essen- tially amounted to hush money. In April 2006, Kumar pleaded guilty to accounting fraud charges. Along with Stephen… …sentenced to 12 years in prison for orchestrating the accounting fraud at Computer Associates; he was also fined USD 8 million. Judge Leo Glasser repeatedly… …other things, donations to tsunami relief in Sri Lanka; girls’ education programs in Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 152 Kenya; emergency… …225 million to a restitution fund in order to compensate victims of the fraud. It also agreed to take various steps to strengthen its corporate…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Handbuch Arbeits- und Unternehmenssicherheit in Kreditinstituten

  Dolose Handlungen

  …Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entde- ckung erhöht wird. In größeren Unternehmen werden Anti- Fraud- Management Systeme instal- liert, die solche Handlungen verhindern oder… …richten. Die Täter werden als Defraudanten bezeichnet (aus dem englischen Begriff „Fraud“). Dolose Handlungen sind vorsätzliche oder grob fahrlässige… …Corporate Governance Kodex � SAS 99 (Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit) � IDW PS 210 (zur Aufdeckung von Unregelmäßigkeiten im Rahmen… …aufklären sollen. Die Bekämpfung von „dolosen Handlungen“ besteht lt. „Anti- Fraud- Manage- ment“ aus drei grundsätzlichen Prozessen: � Prävention �…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 24: AIG (2005)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …General Eliot Spitzer. “And yet, top management routinely and persistently resorted to deception and fraud in an apparent effort to improve the company’s… …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 155 Case 24: AIG (2005) In his 38 years as CEO of American International Group, Inc. (AIG), Maurice… …AIG were three primary areas of fraud (see SEC 2009): – Sham reinsurance transactions with General Re Corp. (“Gen Re”), in order to make it appear… …boosted AIG’s net investment income and allowed it to improperly recognize capital gains Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 156 The “Gen… …a foreign subsidiary of Gen Re (a Connecticut-based holding company for global risk management operations). The transactions were structured to make… …. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 157 The transactions to misstate net investment income and capital gains Another set of transactions was designed… …over securities fraud and improper accounting by paying USD 800 million in fines and disgorgement. Settlement of these issues with New York State… …authorities as well as the Department of Justice resulted in payment of another USD 800 million. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 158 Eventually… …, in August 2009, the SEC announced an agreement with Greenberg to settle the accusations that he oversaw the accounting fraud at AIG. The SEC com-… …Greenberg was liable as a “control person” during the fraud, but it had not accused him of fraud directly. Under the settlement, 84 year-old Greenberg…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 22: Symbol Technologies (2004)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 144 Case 22: Symbol Technologies (2004) To the outside world, Symbol Technologies, Inc. was an icon of… …Holtsville, New York-based com- pany was more fittingly viewed as a classic case study in accounting fraud. “This was a veritable playbook of corporate… …fraud,” the chief prosecutor, Roslynn R. Mauskopf, said. “They cooked the books every which way they could. The execu- tive misconduct was breathtaking in… …its scope.” The investigation of fraud at Symbol began in April 2001 with an anonymous letter sent to the SEC. The letter described two specific… …charged 11 former Symbol executives with securities fraud. According to the Commission, the wide-ranging deception ran from at least 1998 until early… …2003, and involved nearly the entire management team, including the CEO, CFO and senior vice presidents for operations, sales and finance. “This is a… …, they were induced to place orders by the following common features of the “Frank spe- cials” (see SEC 2004): Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies… …manipulating raw data to match the forecasts given to analysts. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 146 Cookie jar reserves Company executives also… …picked” from a 30-day “look-back period” so as to reduce the cost of the exercise to the executives. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 147… …In addition to committing fraud, some of the executives engaged in efforts to cover up the misconduct and to impede the SEC’s investigation as well as…

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  Terminologische Abgrenzungen und relevante Grundlagen

  Dr. Corinna Boecker

  …. (Top-Management Fraud 2005), S. 803 ff.; Rezaee, Zabihollah (Financial Statement Fraud 2002), S. 3; Kapnick, Har- vey (Management Fraud 1976), S. 19 ff.; Arnold… …, Abdul A. (Top-Management Fraud 2005), S. 805. Siehe zu den häufigsten Symptomen von Management Fraud O’Gara, John D. (Corporate Fraud 2004), S. 22 ff… …untersuchenden Thematik Ac- counting Fraud sind zu Beginn die Erläuterung und Präzisierung wesentlicher Begriffe erforderlich. Hierzu gilt es zunächst, den in… …Fachliteratur und Praxis nicht immer einheitlich verwendeten Begriff ‚Fraud’ und daran anschließend den Terminus ‚Accounting Fraud’ zu definieren25. Dies… …geschieht nicht zuletzt auch anhand von tatsächlich aufgetretenen Beispielfällen26. Nachdem das Thema Fraud insbesondere in den letzten Jahren aufgrund… …Fraud in das Spannungsfeld zwischen Revisi- on und Corporate Governance. 2.2 Begriff und Charakteristika von Accounting Fraud 2.2.1 Begriffsbestimmung… …und -abgrenzung Die Begriffsdefinition von Fraud erfolgt für Zwecke dieser Arbeit in Anleh- nung an die Terminologie des IDW, welches in seinem… …ebenfalls zu falschen An- gaben in der Rechnungslegung führt, sind die Verstöße, die in der englischen Terminologie als ‚Fraud’ bezeichnet werden. Sie werden… …Rechnungslegung zugrunde liegende Mengen- als auch Wertgerüst beziehen. Diese Form von Fraud kann durch die gesetzlichen Vertreter, Aufsichtsorgane… …Regel ist die Manipulation der Rechnungslegung die Folge eines so ge- nannten Management Override of Controls45. Dies bedeutet, dass die gesetzli- chen…

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  Fazit und Ergebniszusammenfassung

  Dr. Corinna Boecker

  …. Accounting Fraud ist eine Unterkategorie davon, die in der jüngeren Vergangenheit – nicht zuletzt ob bekannt gewordener Bilanzskandale in den USA und in… …Forschungsleistung. Als Accounting Fraud werden in dieser Arbeit Ver- stöße i.S.d. IDW PS 210 bezeichnet, also beabsichtigte falsche Angaben in der Rechnungslegung… …. 2. Das Auftreten von Accounting Fraud ist regelmäßig an das Vorliegen von drei Voraussetzungen gebunden, die im Schrifttum als Fraud Triangle be-… …ermöglicht, ihre Tat zu begehen. Erlaubt die persönliche Einstel- lung eines Täters ihm, den Accounting Fraud tatsächlich zu begehen, ist das Kriterium der… …Gesellschaft bzw. des Konzerns, wie die in der Arbeit angeführten Beispiele zeigen. Sind börsennotierte Unter- nehmen von Accounting Fraud betroffen… …Schadens durch Accounting Fraud für Unternehmen und Wirtschaft – auch wegen des verloren gegan- genen Vertrauens in die Kapitalmärkte – sah sich der… …. 5. Zur Bestimmung von Accounting Fraud ist die Frage zu klären, inwieweit von einer den Rechnungslegungsnormen genügenden und damit zulässigen… …Verhältnisses von Bilanzpolitik und Accounting Fraud hat ge- zeigt, dass zwischen beiden Bereichen nicht immer eine eindeutige Trenn- linie gezogen werden kann… …im Einzelfall fließend sein kann. In dieser Grauzone zwischen legaler Bilanzpolitik und illegalem Ac- counting Fraud ist es u.U. schwierig… …, Sachverhalte als eindeutig zu der ein oder anderen Seite zugehörig zu klassifizieren. 6. Accounting Fraud ist stets in mehrfacher Hinsicht mit negativen…

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  Case 21: HealthSouth (2003)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 143 HealthSouth worked to restore credibility under new management. Bob May, the new chairman, said that the… …company’s board “remained appalled by the multi- billion dollar fraud that took place under Mr. Scrushy’s management and the envi- ronment under which such… …HealthSouth executives charged with accounting fraud, Healthcare Financial Management, May 2003 Troubled HealthSouth Faces Medicare Fraud Investigation… …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 138 Case 21: HealthSouth (2003) In 2002, WorldCom, Tyco, Adelphia and several other U.S. companies joined… …2003, the SEC charged HealthSouth and its founder, chairman and CEO, Richard M. Scrushy, with accounting fraud. SEC director of enforcement Stephen… …of Wall Street’s expectations, Scrushy would tell management to “fix it” by recording false earnings to make up the shortfall. (The conspirators also… …revenues to derive net Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 139 revenues, which were disclosed on the periodic reports filed with the SEC. Because… …PricewaterhouseCoopers found additional fraud and concluded that HealthSouth’s cumulative earnings were overstated by at least USD 3.8 billion. PwC’s post-mortem report… …forensic experts (brought in by HealthSouth’s law firm to unravel the scheme) described the recipe for the fraud as follows: take legitimate numbers… …“Transmittal 1753”) for reduced future earnings. Transmittal 1753 Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 140 required certain healthcare providers to bill…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 34: Royal Ahold (The Netherlands, 2003)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in European Companies 199 Case 34: Royal Ahold (The Netherlands, 2003) By the late 1990s, Royal Ahold N.V. ranked among… …have operated continuously (and honourably) for 100 years. However, shortly after the turn of the century, a case of Enron-style accounting fraud… …Amsterdam. “So many things have happened in the United States, but this is the first really large-scale fraud case we’ve seen on this side of the ocean.”… …, Ahold’s management team raised huge amounts of debt and equity capital over the years. With regard to the foreign operating units, Ahold’s top… …exactly where the company ran afoul. Senior management pres- sured lower-level managers throughout Ahold’s worldwide network to reach the sales and… …goals ultimately became unreachable. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 200 In 2002, Ahold faced trouble in Latin America: operating… …Michiel Meurs, each of whom had been implicated in the accounting fraud. Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s slashed Ahold’s credit rating, and the… …retailer announced that the fraud was much more extensive than previously thought. Ahold said that the American subsidiary’s earnings had been overstated… …figures shocked Ahold’s new management as much as it did analysts and investors. The company immediately authorized an investigation by law firm White &… …certain foreign joint ventures through fraudulent side letters. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 201 The earnings fraud at U.S…

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  Case 40: Kanebo (Japan, 2005)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …prevent the fraud was a consequence of “serious deficiencies” in its internal controls. As a result of inspect- ing Chuo Aoyama, the firm-wide management… …Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 236 Case 40: Kanebo (Japan, 2005) By the late 1990s, Kanebo Ltd. ranked among Japan’s largest public… …crisis” in the United States. Japan’s business press quickly referred to the Kanebo fraud as “Japan’s Enron”. In March 2006, Takashi Hoashi pleaded… …learned of this scheme from reading the published reports of the Enron fraud.) When the executives were no longer able to sustain the scam in 2005, they… …announced that an internal inquiry had found “instances of accounting fraud” in the past. Finally, they admitted overstating oper- ating results by… …charged in connection with the Kanebo fraud admitted helping the company to hide losses. They had pointed out irregularities, but no Accounting… …Fraud in Asian Companies 237 demand had been made to have Kanebo’s statements corrected, resulting in an audit approval. According to the… …company’s poor financial health (the three defendants never admitted as much, though). During trial, the auditors testified that shortly before the fraud… …. Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 238 As well as causing an exodus of audit clients, the punishment of Chuo Aoyama also helped to fuel extreme… …that it was also Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 239 “unprecedentedly cleverly devised”. Despite these remarks, he handed suspended…

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  Case 44: Satyam Computer Services (India, 2009)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 250 Case 44: Satyam Computer Services (India, 2009) Before he fell from grace, Ramalinga Raju was hailed… …based). But in January 2009, Raju had to ad- mit to the largest corporate fraud in Indian history. In a letter to Satyam’s board of directors, he… …scan- dal was quickly labelled as “India’s Enron”. “This is the saddest say for investors,” said one market analyst. “The fraud has badly shaken their… …Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 251 stand by the company in the hour of crisis. “I am now prepared to subject myself to the laws of the land and… …face consequences thereof.” News of the fraud sent jitters through the Indian stock market. Shares in Satyam fell more than 70%, and the “Sensex”… …capital of Bombay expressed bafflement at how the fraud was not exposed earlier. Whereas Enron and other accounting frauds relied on dizzying arrays of… …off-balance-sheet partnerships and complicated circular trades with willing outside institutions to deceive investors, the Satyam fraud seemed to be absurdly simple… …earnings. Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 252 However, there is usually little documentation associated with the number, so it is easy to… …was always only a fraction of what the company had es- timated before. Such data hinted that Satyam’s management might have been manipulating the… …letter to say that Sat- yam’s directors and senior executives had no knowledge of the fraud. But if there is a final lesson to be learned of accounting…

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