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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 9: Cendant/CUC (1998)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 66 Case 9: Cendant/CUC (1998) The Cendant Corporation was formed in December 1997 by a merger of two com-… …creation of Cendant, a significant accounting fraud came to light at the CUC division. Before Enron, the case was considered the biggest accounting fraud… …ever. From its beginnings in 1983, the fraud was directed by Walter A. Forbes, CUC’s chairman and CEO, and his top lieutenant, E. Kirk Shelton, CUC’s… …president and COO. Commenting on the fraud, one FBI agent said: “Some people have referred to this as a case of earnings management. But this is an attempt… …Street analysts expected. In the earlier years, however, an important part of the fraud was improper revenue and expense recognition. CUC stated that its… …totally fictitious, including, for exam- ple, USD 500 million over the three-year period from fiscal 1995 to 1997. One fraud investigator commented: “It… …extended amortization periods. By shifting current expenses to a later period, the company further inflated its reported earnings. Accounting Fraud in… …U.S. Companies 67 In later years, the fraud extended well beyond improper revenue and expense rec- ognition practices. As time went on and… …improperly charged asset write-offs and other operating expenses against these acquisition reserves. By far, the largest part of the CUC fraud came from… …had been created, Forbes and Shelton congratulated each other on being masterful “financial engineers” who had been able to nurture the fraud through…

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  Terminologische Abgrenzungen und relevante Grundlagen

  Dr. Corinna Boecker

  …untersuchenden Thematik Ac- counting Fraud sind zu Beginn die Erläuterung und Präzisierung wesentlicher Begriffe erforderlich. Hierzu gilt es zunächst, den in… …Fachliteratur und Praxis nicht immer einheitlich verwendeten Begriff ‚Fraud’ und daran anschließend den Terminus ‚Accounting Fraud’ zu definieren25. Dies… …geschieht nicht zuletzt auch anhand von tatsächlich aufgetretenen Beispielfällen26. Nachdem das Thema Fraud insbesondere in den letzten Jahren aufgrund… …Fraud in das Spannungsfeld zwischen Revisi- on und Corporate Governance. 2.2 Begriff und Charakteristika von Accounting Fraud 2.2.1 Begriffsbestimmung… …und -abgrenzung Die Begriffsdefinition von Fraud erfolgt für Zwecke dieser Arbeit in Anleh- nung an die Terminologie des IDW, welches in seinem… …ebenfalls zu falschen An- gaben in der Rechnungslegung führt, sind die Verstöße, die in der englischen Terminologie als ‚Fraud’ bezeichnet werden. Sie werden… …Rechnungslegung zugrunde liegende Mengen- als auch Wertgerüst beziehen. Diese Form von Fraud kann durch die gesetzlichen Vertreter, Aufsichtsorgane… …den Lagebericht47 zu verdecken48. Fraud auf dieser Ebene des Unternehmens wird auch als Top-Management Fraud bezeichnet49. Mitarbeitern unterer… …gemeint. 48 Vgl. Warncke, Markus (Zusammenarbeit 2005), S. 184; O’Gara, John D. (Corporate Fraud 2004), S. 95; zu einem Beispiel siehe Wells, Joseph T… …. (Padding 2003), S. 67 ff.; Bantleon, Ulrich/Thomann, Detlef (Fraud 2006), S. 1717. 49 Vgl. zu dieser Thematik und den diesbezüglichen Anforderungen an…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 30: Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products (Belgium, 2000)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in European Companies 180 Case 30: Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products (Belgium, 2000) In 2007, ten years after Jo Lernout and… …hundreds of disgruntled investors who lined up for the opening of the nation’s biggest fraud trial, seeking to get their money back. “Lernout & Hauspie… …of sophistication of the fraud and the amount of imagination that went into it”. Speaking at a news conference in Brussels, he said the fraud… …, revenue quadrupled to Accounting Fraud in European Companies 181 USD 31 million. In 1998, revenue mushroomed to USD 212 million, more than… …½ years because of “errors and irregularities”, a term that in accounting literature often signifies fraud. Jo Lernout and Pol Hauspie, the… …, the company voluntarily de-listed from the EASDAQ. In April 2001, L&H announced that a new probe of its operations found massive fraud. The probe… …of undisclosed and deceptive transactions to inflate reported revenue and, consequently, the stock price. Accounting Fraud in European Companies… …false impression of exponential growth. The LDCs had Accounting Fraud in European Companies 183 few, if any, employees, and were dependent upon… …of fraud. The revelations eventually led to an investigation by the American watchdog SEC. The Flanders Language Valley Fund N.V. Over the… …, recorded USD 160 million on June 30, 2000. L&H seemed to have cracked the Korean market. CEO Gaston Accounting Fraud in European Companies 184…

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• eJournal-Artikel aus "Risk, Fraud & Compliance" Ausgabe 2/2010

  School GRC / Personalnews

  …. Interessenten erlangen Fachwissen in den Bereichen Compliance und Fraud Management und haben Zugang zu einem Expertennetzwerk aus Bankensektor… …können sich so weiter qualifizieren, um damit das Know-how im Bereich Compliance und Fraud Management in ihren Unternehmen zu erhöhen. Sie erlangen… …Chapter of ACFE e.V. mit der School GRC Die Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) lobt in diesem Jahr ein Stipendium in Höhe von 14.500 EUR für… …Absolventen oder Anwärter des Zertifikats zum Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) aus. Aufgrund der Kooperation mit dem deutschen Verband der ACFE und der School GRC… …können Interessenten sich auf den MBA-Studiengang in der Spezialisierung Corporate Governance, Risikomanagement, Compliance und Fraud Management mit Start… …unter +49 30 275 817 45 0 oder per E-Mail an studienbetreuung@school-grc.de. Masterstudiengang Fraud ­Management & Compliance Ab November 2010 bietet die… …School GRC einen Masterstudiengang in Fraud Management und Compliance an. Dieser nebenberufliche Studiengang wendet sich an junge Hochschulabsolventen mit… …Diplom- Studiengängen. Vor allem die spezielle Ausrichtung auf die Themen Governance, Risk, Compliance und Fraud Management weist eine große Schnittmenge zu…

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  Fazit und Ergebniszusammenfassung

  Dr. Corinna Boecker

  …. Accounting Fraud ist eine Unterkategorie davon, die in der jüngeren Vergangenheit – nicht zuletzt ob bekannt gewordener Bilanzskandale in den USA und in… …Forschungsleistung. Als Accounting Fraud werden in dieser Arbeit Ver- stöße i.S.d. IDW PS 210 bezeichnet, also beabsichtigte falsche Angaben in der Rechnungslegung… …. 2. Das Auftreten von Accounting Fraud ist regelmäßig an das Vorliegen von drei Voraussetzungen gebunden, die im Schrifttum als Fraud Triangle be-… …ermöglicht, ihre Tat zu begehen. Erlaubt die persönliche Einstel- lung eines Täters ihm, den Accounting Fraud tatsächlich zu begehen, ist das Kriterium der… …Gesellschaft bzw. des Konzerns, wie die in der Arbeit angeführten Beispiele zeigen. Sind börsennotierte Unter- nehmen von Accounting Fraud betroffen… …Schadens durch Accounting Fraud für Unternehmen und Wirtschaft – auch wegen des verloren gegan- genen Vertrauens in die Kapitalmärkte – sah sich der… …. 5. Zur Bestimmung von Accounting Fraud ist die Frage zu klären, inwieweit von einer den Rechnungslegungsnormen genügenden und damit zulässigen… …Verhältnisses von Bilanzpolitik und Accounting Fraud hat ge- zeigt, dass zwischen beiden Bereichen nicht immer eine eindeutige Trenn- linie gezogen werden kann… …im Einzelfall fließend sein kann. In dieser Grauzone zwischen legaler Bilanzpolitik und illegalem Ac- counting Fraud ist es u.U. schwierig… …, Sachverhalte als eindeutig zu der ein oder anderen Seite zugehörig zu klassifizieren. 6. Accounting Fraud ist stets in mehrfacher Hinsicht mit negativen…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 12: Enron (2001)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 80 Case 12: Enron (2001) Perhaps more than any other company facing scandal in recent years, Enron stands… …out as the poster child for corporate fraud. The crimes of Enron’s top executives resonated the most in the public mind, and the company’s name has… …become synonymous with corporate malfeasance. However, compared to other accounting frauds, the Enron fraud was very complicated; it involved many… …reports. They didn’t have to lie. All they had to do was to obfuscate it with sheer complexity – although they lied, too.” The impact of the fraud was… …since October 1929”. Besides, the fraud ushered in a wave of prosecutions against white-collar crime at the highest levels of American business, and it… …U.S. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 81 borders; “Enron International”, a wholly owned subsidiary, was created to manage energy assets… …resigned, citing “personal reasons” (August 14); he was replaced once again by Kenneth Lay. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 82 - Sherron Watkins… …transactions that involved setting up complex special purpose entities. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 83 Enron’s financial reporting (I)… …Fraud in U.S. Companies 84 forward markets in the services Enron promised to provide; extremely optimistic numbers were simply conjured up out of… …structure in order to create false profits, to hide losses and to understate liabilities. It may be helpful Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 85…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 11: American Tissue (2001)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 75 Case 11: American Tissue (2001) Mehdi Gabayzadeh may not be as familiar a name as Adelphia founder… …. district attorney said, noting that the fraud cost lenders and bondholders about USD 300 million, and ultimately cost 2,700 employees their jobs. In… …ran into all sorts of obstacles) commented: “The more we investigated, the more fraud we uncovered.” American Tissue was founded in 1981 by two… …the books – in what the indictment later said was a futile effort to gain new Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 76 financing, even as it was… …, the affiliated companies, together with Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 77 the Gabayzadeh and Elghanayan families, owed American Tissue… …. In July 2001, the fraud was uncovered when it was figured out that the numbers at American Tissue didn’t add up. Two months later, the company… …and otherwise helped American Tissue destroy records that might have supported accusations of accounting fraud. “The paper trail of phony sales… …transactions, bogus supporting Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 78 documentation, and numerous accounting irregularities ended quite literally with… …defunct, gained notoriety for helping Enron cover up fraud. Gabayzadeh was accused of stealing nearly USD 300 million from banks, financial… …in the indictments, Gabayzadeh was convicted of spearheading a USD 300 million fraud. His sentencing was delayed several times because his attorneys…

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  Case 34: Royal Ahold (The Netherlands, 2003)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in European Companies 199 Case 34: Royal Ahold (The Netherlands, 2003) By the late 1990s, Royal Ahold N.V. ranked among… …have operated continuously (and honourably) for 100 years. However, shortly after the turn of the century, a case of Enron-style accounting fraud… …Amsterdam. “So many things have happened in the United States, but this is the first really large-scale fraud case we’ve seen on this side of the ocean.”… …goals ultimately became unreachable. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 200 In 2002, Ahold faced trouble in Latin America: operating… …Michiel Meurs, each of whom had been implicated in the accounting fraud. Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s slashed Ahold’s credit rating, and the… …retailer announced that the fraud was much more extensive than previously thought. Ahold said that the American subsidiary’s earnings had been overstated… …certain foreign joint ventures through fraudulent side letters. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 201 The earnings fraud at U.S… …confirmation letters were often inflated by millions of dollars and by more than Accounting Fraud in European Companies 202 100%. In most of the cases… …confirmation process at USF was systematically corrupted in order to help keep the fraud from being discovered. The SEC complaint alleged that USF… …by the SEC with aiding and abetting the fraud. Scott Friestad, associate director of the Commission’s division of enforcement, commented: “These…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 25: Bernard Madoff (2008)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 159 Case 25: Bernard Madoff (2008) In December 2008, as the global financial crisis continued on its… …stunning fraud that appears to be of epic proportions”, and the Economist called it “the con of the century”. Needless to say, the unprecedented scope of… …the fraud was far beyond the reach of all of the other recent scandals of the financial system. Bernard Madoff started his financial career at… …appeared to believe in loyalty and Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 160 honesty,” said one former Madoff employee in retrospect. “Never in your… …profits generated by share trading. Eventually, Madoff admitted in this conversation that he estimated the losses from the fraud were at least USD 50… …, and charged with securities fraud. When federal agents arrived at Madoffs’ apartment, he told them: “There is no innocent explanation. I have paid… …simplicity, one of the most puzzling issues of the Madoff fraud was that the majority of the victims had an expert knowledge of financial investment: they… …Wall Street, there had been scepticism for years over how Madoff managed to pay such consistently high Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 161… …returns. The SEC admitted that it had missed “repeated opportunities” to discover the fraud. It had received “credible and specific allegations regarding… …than each final investor. Thus, he was able to avoid the SEC disclosure rules. But when the SEC changed regula- Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies…

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  Case 26: Juergen Schneider (Germany, 1994)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …165 2.2 Accounting Fraud in European Companies Case 26: Juergen Schneider (Germany, 1994) Up to the year 1994, a number of scandals… …over mismanagement and fraud emerged in Germany, but the “Schneider case” was by far the biggest. The case is linked to an exceptional bank scandal. In… …for several years before collapsing and casting Schneider under the suspicion of credit fraud, fraudulent invocation of bankruptcy and tax evasion. He… …verified something as basic as the size of the property it was lending on. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 166 Schneider also appeared… …explic- itly whether there were any supplementary contracts. Deutsche Bank claimed that it was the victim of systematic fraud. Hilmar Kopper, at the… …contractors and craftsmen, causing repeated embarrassment. Bank credi- Accounting Fraud in European Companies 167 tors demanded detailed information… …properties and paying off contractors. Instead he chose to run away. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 168 The reason for all the public… ….: Great Financial Disasters of our Time, 2nd edition, Berlin 2006, p. 27 Schneider fraud inquiry launched, The Independent, April 15, 1994 Kohl Assails… …Banks in Schneider Fiasco, International Herald Tribune, April 21, 1994 Deutsche Bank “victim of fraud”, The Independent, April 26, 1994 When the Music… …Independent, July 6, 1994 German Fraud Case May Raise Conflict, The New York Times, May 25, 1995 International Business: Germans Are Gripped by the Return of…

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