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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Managing Risks in Supply Chains

  An Empirical Investigation into Supply Chain Vulnerability Experienced by German Firms

  Stephan M. Wagner, Christoph Bode

  …79 An Empirical Investigation into Supply Chain Vulnerability Experienced by German Firms Stephan M. Wagner and Christoph Bode Abstract A… …in an unpredictable and in- creasingly uncertain environment. In consequence of this, there has been a surge in the number of publications on supply… …chain vulnerability) An Empirical Investigation into Supply Chain Vulnerability Experienced by German Firms 81 and three distinct supply chain… …Chain Risk It is crucial for any study dealing with risk to choose an appropriate definition. Risk is an elusive construct and has a variety of… …. In classic decision theory and also in common practice in many other fields, the fluctuations around an expected (performance) outcome are used as… …value”. In contrast, March and Shapira (1987) examine the perception of risk by ana- lyzing on an empirical basis how executives perceive and react to… …Walker, 2003, p. 52). Focusing solely on the upstream sup- ply chain, Zsidisin (2003) defines supply risk as “the probability of an incident as- sociated… …nega- tive deviation from an expected (performance) output value resulting in negative consequences for the focal firm (e.g., financial loss) (Zsidisin… …, Melnyk, Ragatz, & Burns, 2006). Based on this definition, we apply a terminology that uses two terms that are an- tecedent to supply chain risk: supply… …certainty and from which disruptions can emerge” (Jüttner, An Empirical Investigation into Supply Chain Vulnerability Experienced by German Firms 83…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Managing Risks in Supply Chains

  Enterprise and Supply Risk Management from the Perspective of Internal and External Auditors

  Michael Henke, Reiner Kurzhals, Christopher Jahns

  …of Enterprise and Supply Risk Management as well as the results of an empirical study will be presented. This study was conducted in regards to the… …Management. At the same time it will be another step on the way to developing an integrated and process-oriented approach to Supply Risk Management in terms… …of ERM. 1 Nature and relevance of the problems: Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) as a starting point for the further development of an integrated… …importance is further exemplified by the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002” (SOA): “COSO’s framework may become an important tool for imple- menting the directives… …question related to the topic of the paper is this: Is ERM a good point to start the further development of an integrated and process-oriented Supply Risk… …Risk Management an example from company practice should be mentioned: last year DaimlerChrysler had to stop its production for diesel vehicles for 18… …as an important issue for companies. No matter which com- Enterprise and Supply Risk Management from the Perspective of Internal and External… …Management represents an important step in the right direction towards a proactive and regular handling of supply risks (Cp. Henke and Jahns, 2005, pp… …Auditing are indispensable based on common ground and mutual interest in securing an efficient and goal-oriented internal and external monitoring of supply… …Auditing, 2004, pp. 12-13). – Appraisal of applicability of form and results of Supply Controlling & Risk Management by an External Auditor, a certified…

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  Risk Management in Supply Chains Behavioural Risks: The Underestimated Force

  Mischa Seiter

  …Supply Chains are currently an intensively discussed topic. Various types of risks are discussed, e.g. inventory risks, risks of terror attacks or delay… …and quality risks. Up to now behavioural risks are little considered and underestimated. However, the relevance of this type of risk is enormous. An… …the possibility of opportunistic behaviour. Actions to reduce asymmetric information within supply chains are proposed as an (indirect) approach to… …instruments to avoid opportunism will be identified by an empirical pre-study. The empirical approach is selected because it is not clear yet if the proposed… …agrees to a duty compensated by an entitlement to a reward (Jost, 2001; Ebers/Gotsch, 2002). By his behaviour in fulfilling his duty the agent affects… …the conceptual model. Regarding to the aim of this study the Principal-Agent-Theory contributes the central hypotheses: an increasing level of… …further development of the conceptual framework, according to the ex- ploration’s first objective, an empirical pre-study was accomplished. This pre-study… …, an invitation to a conference where the results of the study are discussed and a test subscription of a scientific journal. To check for… …between answer and a numeric value based on a code plan guarantees this. Therefore, this approach can be seen as an objective approach. Measures have to… …level of asymmetric information has an effect (ȕ = 0.24, p ” 0.05) on oppor- tunistic behaviour. Therefore, asymmetric information could serve as a…

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  Risk Management in Maritime Transportation Networks

  Christian Nedeß, Axel Friedewald, Lars Wagner, Lutz Neumann

  …consists of several steps. At first an operational risk model for generic struc- turing different risks in maritime transportation networks is developed. The… …modelled for simulation. This leads to a system description on an operational level which allows the applica- tion of the operational risk model to a… …that have an influence on the overall risk situation of the trans- portation network can be determined and the simulation studies can be conducted for… …mitigation measures must not exceed the benefit of the expected risk reduction effects. Finally, an application case is presented in which the risk… …a function of the uncertainty level and the impact of an event (Sinha et al. 2004). The degree of risk is usually measured in relation to negative… …for transportation networks as one of the main supply chain drivers (Chopra, Meindl 2004), risk management plays an important role. Wrong management… …conditions. The organisational level summarizes all risks within an organisation, for ex- ample strategic re-organisation. In contrast to this the… …for adequate risk modelling (Merrick et al. 2001). Mullai describes an operational risk model utilised in 5 steps for risk analysis, which uses a… …fault tree analysis for estimating latent risk causes in the past and an event tree analysis identifying the future impacts of events. Step 1 of this… …considered and therefore these steps are the basis for an expedient risk modelling. Based on the system and hazards identification step 3 and 4 are laid out…

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  Integrated Performance – And Risk Management in Supply Chains – Basics and Methods

  Herwig Winkler, Bernd Kaluza

  …improve the performance of production and logistics processes in an outstanding manner (Stölzle, 2002, pp. 10; Stölzle/Karrer, 2002, pp. 57). The… …the interdependencies be- tween performance and risk and implement supply chain measures holistically. In our contribution, we will present an… …approach for an integrated performance- and risk management-concept in supply chains. In today's business, we do not have just one type of a supply chain… …. For the adoption of supply chain management, we have to differ between various types of supply chains. The draft of an integrated Herwig Winkler… …criteria of decentralised unmanaged supply chains and centralised strategic supply chain networks. The concept for an integrated performance- and risk… …require an international distribution and/or procurement of prod- ucts and services in increasingly less time. Consequently, this leads to intense com-… …, an improvement in customer orientation can be achieved as Integrated Performance - And Risk Management in Supply Chains - Basics and Methods 21… …. (Anderson/Lee, 2005) The single enterprise is no longer in the centre of considerations, because an integrated viewpoint of the value chain is applied… …Equipment Manufacturer Figure 1: The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR)-Model An important target of SCM consists in the effective design and… …(Bamberg/Coenenberg 2004). The occurrence of these results is only predictable with limited probability. Therefore, there is an association between the cause related…

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  Evaluation of Transportation Network Reliability in Incidents

  Afshin Shariat Mohaimani, Poria Mohammadian, Navid Kalantari

  …incidents; the occur- rence of these incidents may reduce the network's reliability. This article first pre- sents an accessibility measure that will be used… …is accessibility; this measure will be used in this article as the performance measure of the transportation network. Transportation network play an… …introduce different accessibility measures, then will percent an accessibility measure that will tack into account the reliability of the transportation… …each destina- tion a utility value, and that the likelihood of an individual choosing a particular destination depends on the utility of that choice… …background. Six basic types of these measures have been illustrated by Kwan et al. (2003)[5]. 3 Developing an Accessibility Measure for Commodity… …equation (10) the cost of traveling from s to k is probabilistic and depends on the probability of incidents in them. When an incident or combination of… …and the lower bound of the accessibil- ity indicates the extent of variations in the accessibility of the network. The extent of variation could be an… …thus it has the least accessibility reliability. In this article after assuming an incident scenario the shortest path of the net- work has been…

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  Complexity-Induced Supply Chain Risks – Interdependencies between Supply Chain Risk and Complexity Management

  Corinna Engelhardt-Nowitzki, Helmut E. Zsifkovits

  …to meet contradicting objectives: A sufficient stability towards risks, but at the same time an appropriate and sudden flexibility towards appreciated… …or necessary adaptations. An amount of complexity that is low enough to provide effi- ciency and transparency but high enough to offer a suitably… …provider, partner, legal institutions, customer, intermediary parties etc.). Secondly an increasing connectivity between these elements is further enhanc-… …deviations (e.g. an unexpected Complexity-Induced Supply Chain Risks 39 increase of incoming orders) require consequences (e.g. concerning the capacity… …overbooked capacity units). Therefore the risk definition in the context of SCM has to be comprehensive. From an economic point of view, risk is defined as… …concretising this generic definition: We are dis- cussing only complexity-induced risks that show an obvious SC relevance: Definition: complexity-induced SC… …utilization or an utmost and expensive capacity flexibility. Being part of a complex supply network and being forced to act agile, a com- pany therefore has… …to meet contradicting objectives: A sufficient stability towards risks and failures, but at the same time an appropriate and sudden flexibility to-… …wards appreciated or necessary adaptations in order to meet shareholder and cus- tomer expectations. An amount of complexity that is low enough to provide… …Drivers R es u lt s in Interfaces IT Systems Product / Market Organizational Struct . Procedures Cost Benefit : an d U rg en cy Action Planning…

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  Assessment of the Uncertainty of Delivery – Promises to Increase the Reliability of Production Networks

  Lars Zschorn

  …date of delivery during the stage of gener- ating an offer. This means, the uncertainty of a difference between the promised de- livery date and the… …remaining in an enterprise is not sufficient. Thus, pro- duction networks become an important part of economy. Within a further develop- ment of the SCM-idea… …co-operations which are temporally limited (Zschorn et al. 2003). Lars Zschorn 164 The development of an approach which focuses on the establishment and… …op- eration of an order-based production network resulted in an operator concept for the management of all the processes in such a network and its… …par- ticipants. The precondition of a participation in a production network is that an in- terested enterprise is able to carry out the value adding… …bases on the required technological com- petencies and the selected potential network participants are inquired. After the ar- rival of an inquiry, an… …that context, the purpose of an offer of an enterprise consists in the preparation of all the infor- mation required for the selection of the suppliers… …involved which benefit from the network profit. In addition, restrictions such as contractual penalties etc. are imag- inable in case of an unreliable… …all, the development of an ap- proach to estimate the reliabilities of delivery promises presupposes a closer look to the uncertainties in a production… …. Therefore, the enterprise in most cases is not responsible for them. An example for that kind of factors is the availability of the vendor parts. As opposed…

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  Design Risk Management: A New Framework for Managing Supply Chain Risk

  Omera Khan

  …chain management are the recipe for success, design has become an increasingly important capability for a firm which must be factored in to the supply… …design man- agement in the supply chain can provide an effective means to meet these chal- lenges. The results discussed in this paper are based on an… …services, as these are accompanied by an equally long chain of risks. The glob- alization of supply chains and the trends to outsourcing and offshore… …Risk Management: A New Framework for Managing Supply Chain Risk 255 2.1 Importance of Design in Supply Chain Risk Design is an essential process for… …business’. From their definition it is clear that design is not an isolated function but is in fact a critical process that impacts the total supply chain… …more than just an activ- ity which creates novel ideas or brings stylistic changes to products. Previous research has recognized the strategic role of… …to risk man- agement (Khan et al, forthcoming). Risk is an everyday component of organisational life, and factors such as glob- alisation and… …, 1995). Despite the current interest in supply chain risk management research, strategies and tools to manage risk remains at an in- cipient stage (Khan… …an organisation’s share price, which can be slow to recover, but it can also generate conflict amongst the organi- sation’s stakeholders. Cousins et… …(Elliott, 2005; Peck and Juttner, 2002). In addition, we now ap- pear to be living in an era of rapid change in technologies and product markets, and…

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  Supply Chain Risk Management: Development of a Theoretical and Empirical Framework

  Wolfgang Kersten, Mareike Böger, Philipp Hohrath, Hagen Späth

  …concept of supply chain man- agement. Supply chain management is an approach to design value chains by opti- mising the inter-organisational flow of… …material, information and capital in order to reduce costs and enhance customer value. According to an empirical study of the authors at Hamburg School of… …of all risks a company or supply chain is ex- posed to. Thus, an increase of the risk portfolio can either mean that new risks emerge or that already… …their subjective value (Arrow, 1965). In this case, variance is an instrument for risk measurement that allows quantifying the deviation from an… …expected value. Thus, risk may indicate both positive and nega- tive deviations from an expected outcome. However, an empirical investigation by March and… …is the damage - assessed by its probability of occurrence - that is caused by an event within a com- pany, within its supply chain or its environment… …risk within a supply chain (Kersten et al., 2006b) In 2005, the authors of this article conducted an empirical study in order to inves- tigate the… …production The combination of these risk drivers leads to an increasing vulnerability of the supply chains and, hence, to an increasing risk portfolio of… …each company within that supply chain. E.g., globalisation leads to an increased geographical complexity in supply chains, while outsourcing and… …complexity within the whole supply chain. This complexity, introduced to the supply chain by its members, is an addi- tional risk driver in the supply chain…

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